脑膜炎

接种疫苗

关于 脑膜炎

何谓脑膜炎?

脑膜炎是一种覆盖在大脑和脊髓的炎症,通常由病毒或细菌感染所引起。常见的脑膜炎症状包括高烧、头痛和脖子僵硬等,适用于任何两岁以上的人群。这些症状可以在几小时内出现,也可能需要1到2天才会显现。其他可能出现的症状包括恶心、呕吐不适、对强光感到不适、晕眩、嗜睡以及昏迷。

脑膜炎如何传播?

细菌性脑膜炎具有传染性。细菌通过交换呼吸道和喉咙分泌物的方式(即咳嗽,接吻等)进行传播。肠道病毒是导致病毒性脑膜炎最普遍的原因。它最常通过粪便污染在人与人之间传播。肠道病毒也可通过受感染人群的呼吸道分泌物(唾液,痰,或鼻涕)传播。

我为什么应该接种脑膜炎疫苗?

细菌性脑膜炎的后果可能相当严重,可导致脑损伤、听力下降或学习障碍。病毒性脑膜炎的症状与细菌性脑膜炎相似,并同样可以致命。

Points to Note:

Laboratory diagnostic tests are not perfect and are not 100% accurate

  • We do not have a test for every disease or virus but most of those pathogens that are of public health importance or have long term implications on your health can be tested
  • No one single test can be used with absolute certainty to diagnose a disease. Often, we depend on a combination of tests to make a diagnosis
  • Sometimes, we have to resort to trial treatment or empiric treatment if investigative tests are inconclusive. If the patient makes a therapeutic response and feels better, we have achieved our goal
  • In PUO, we are looking for treatable causes and to rule out sinister causes eg. malignancies so that we do not miss opportunities for early treatment or intervention

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